Ransomware is one of the most pressing cybersecurity threats. From small businesses to schools, the consequences of a ransomware attack can be devastating, disrupting services, corrupting data, and draining financial resources. This guide explains what ransomware is, how it works, and crucially, how to protect against it.
What Is Ransomware?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) designed to block access to a computer system or data until a sum of money is paid. Typically, attackers encrypt the victim’s files and demand a ransom payment, often in cryptocurrency, to unlock them. Even then, there is no guarantee that access will be restored.
High-profile attacks have made headlines in recent years, including those affecting the NHS, universities, and local councils. But it’s not just large organisations at risk. SMEs and schools are increasingly being targeted due to perceived weaker cyber defences.
How Does Ransomware Work?
Ransomware usually infiltrates systems through phishing emails, malicious attachments, compromised websites, or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) vulnerabilities. Once installed, the ransomware rapidly encrypts files, often spreading laterally across networks to infect multiple devices.
Victims are typically presented with a ransom note, either on screen or in a text file, instructing them to pay a fee to regain access. The ransom demand may increase over time, with some attackers threatening to leak sensitive data if payment is not made—a tactic known as double extortion.
Common Types of Ransomware
- Crypto ransomware: Encrypts files and demands payment for a decryption key.
- Locker ransomware: Locks users out of systems entirely, though files may not be encrypted.
- Leakware (doxware): Threatens to publish stolen data unless a ransom is paid.
Why Are Schools and SMEs Targeted?
The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) highlights that educational institutions and smaller enterprises are attractive targets because they often lack advanced cybersecurity infrastructure. Schools typically hold sensitive student data and depend heavily on digital systems for daily operations. Meanwhile, SMEs may have limited IT budgets, making them more vulnerable to attacks.
Cybercriminals know this—and they exploit it.
Real-World Impact
The consequences of ransomware can be far-reaching:
- Data loss: Critical files may be permanently encrypted or destroyed.
- Operational disruption: Teaching, services, or sales operations may grind to a halt.
- Financial damage: Ransom payments, downtime, and recovery efforts can be costly.
- Reputational harm: Loss of trust from stakeholders, parents, and customers.
According to the UK Government’s Cyber Security Breaches Survey, nearly one in three businesses faced some kind of cybersecurity breach or attack in 2023, with ransomware being one of the most severe.
How Can You Stop Ransomware?
Prevention is far more cost-effective than response. The following measures are essential:
1. Regular Backups
Maintain offline and immutable backups of critical data. Test them regularly to ensure they can be restored in an emergency.
2. Patch and Update Systems
Keep all software, operating systems, and devices updated with the latest security patches. Vulnerabilities in outdated systems are a major entry point.
3. Staff Training
Human error is often the weakest link. Train staff to recognise phishing emails and suspicious links. Cybersecurity awareness should be part of induction and CPD programmes.
4. Use Strong Authentication
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all remote access and critical accounts. This adds an extra layer of protection, even if passwords are compromised.
5. Network Segmentation
Separate critical systems and data from the wider network. This can limit the spread of ransomware if a breach occurs.
6. Anti-Malware and Endpoint Protection
Use reputable security software on all devices. Consider endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions for more advanced threat monitoring.
7. Incident Response Planning
Have a tested ransomware response plan in place. Know who to contact, how to isolate affected systems, and how to communicate with stakeholders.
The NCSC provides detailed ransomware risk reduction guidance, which all UK-based organisations should consult regularly.
What to Do If You Are Attacked
- Do not pay the ransom. Paying does not guarantee data recovery and encourages criminal activity.
- Disconnect affected devices to prevent the spread of malware.
- Report the incident to Action Fraud or the NCSC.
- Seek expert help to recover systems and investigate how the attack occurred.
How Link ICT Can Help Protect Your Organisation
At Link ICT, we understand the unique cybersecurity challenges faced by UK schools and SMEs. Our team provides tailored IT security services, including:
- Comprehensive ransomware protection strategies
- Secure cloud-based backup solutions
- Staff training on phishing and cyber hygiene
- Ongoing network monitoring and patch management
- Rapid incident response and recovery support
Don’t wait for an attack to expose your vulnerabilities. Partner with Link ICT to build a robust defence against ransomware and other cyber threats.
Take Action Now
Whether you’re a school safeguarding pupil data or an SME protecting sensitive customer information, cybersecurity should never be an afterthought. Contact Link ICT today to schedule a free security consultation and find out how we can keep your systems secure.